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Freedom of expression is one of the cornerstones of all democratic systems. Without it ideas about how to protect the common good in our societies would be impoverished. A marketplace of ideas is essential for democracy to thrive. It is for this reason that the European Court of Human Rights attaches such importance to political discourse as well as to speech and other forms of expression that may shock and offend. Yet such freedom may clash with other rights such as the right to privacy, the right to a good reputation. It may even conflict with the need to protect public order or morals. Societies require pluralism if they are to grow yet democracy also seeks to limit extreme forms of speech that preach hate and advocate violence. But are such restrictions on free speech legitimate and by what criteria are we to judge their necessity?We rely on journalists to report accurately the controversies of the day and protect their right not to reveal sources. They also enjoy a broad right of fair comment. But we expect them to be responsible in their factual reporting, to check their sources and to have regard to the need to observe some degree of restraint when reporting or commenting on matters that affect the rights of others. But is it legitimate to interfere with reporting that is in the public interest and how can the law promote responsible journalism?This collection of essays on freedom of expression contains contributions by distinguished judges and lawyers from many varied backgrounds that explore these themes with a critical eye. The book seeks to honour Sir Nicolas Bratza, President of the European Court of Human Rights, for his outstanding contribution, as a jurist and leading judicial figure, to the protection of human rights in Europe.

Human rights --- Freedom of expression --- Bratza, Nicolas, --- European Court of Human Rights --- Yttrandefrihet --- Freedom of speech --- Europa --- Yttrandefrihet. --- Freedom of speech. --- Europa. --- European Court of Human Rights. --- Droits de l'homme --- Liberté d'expression --- Cour européenne des droits de l'homme --- Freedom of expression - Europe --- Human rights - Europe --- Bratza, Nicolas, - 1945 --- -Human rights --- -Freedom of expression --- -Freedom of speech.

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L'étude des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme d'une part, de la Cour suprême des Etats-Unis d'Amérique de l'autre révèle la fluctuation de la protection de la liberté d'expression. Ces divergences d'un système à l'autre, mais également à l'intérieur d'un même système, montrent que la question des limites de la liberté de parole – qui est inévitablement un lieu de confrontation d'intérêts contraires – ne peut être posée en dehors du contexte particulier dans lequel elle se présente. Celui-ci se laisse décrire en quatre variables : l'auteur, le message, le lieu ou le moyen d'expression, et la réaction mise en œuvre. Chaque variable connaît un certain nombre de déclinaisons (par exemple, l'auteur peut être journaliste, politicien, artiste, fonctionnaire, …). Le fil conducteur du présent travail comparatif consiste à déterminer l'importance de ces différents facteurs de variation dans la détermination par les juges européens et américains du niveau de protection de la liberté d'expression.

Freedom of speech --- Liberté d'expression --- Freedom of expression --- 342.7 --- 342.727 --- BPB0804 --- Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Vrijheid van meningsuiting --- 342.727 Vrijheid van meningsuiting --- 342.7 Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Liberté d'expression --- Expression, Freedom of --- Free expression --- Liberty of expression --- Civil rights --- Freedom of expression - Europe --- Freedom of expression - United States --- Droit public comparé --- Droits et liberté --- Cour suprême --- droits de l'homme --- Conseil de l'Europe --- Convention européenne des droits de l'homme --- liberté d'expression

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Human rights --- Political rights --- Freedom of speech --- Freedom of expression --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Droits politiques --- Liberté d'expression --- European Court of Human Rights --- 342.7 --- BPB1101 --- Droit constitutionnel --- Cour européenne des droits de l'homme --- Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Grondwettelijk recht --- Europees hof voor de rechten van de mens --- 342.7 Grondwettelijke rechten en vrijheden. Fundamentele rechten --- Liberté d'expression --- Expression, Freedom of --- Free expression --- Liberty of expression --- Civil rights --- European Court of Human Rights. --- C.E.D.O. --- CEDO --- CEDU --- ECtHR --- Avrupa İnsan Hakları Dîvanı --- Cour européenne des droits de l'homme --- Tribunal Europeo de Derechos del Hombre --- Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos --- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte --- Evropeĭskiĭ Sud po pravam cheloveka --- Европейский Суд по правам человека --- Council of Europe. --- Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio Anthrōpinōn Dikaiōmatōn --- Ευρωπαικό Δικαστήριο Ανθρώπινων Δικαιωμάτων --- Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului --- Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka --- Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi --- Evropský soud pro lidská práva --- I︠E︡vropeĭsʹkyĭ Sud z prav li︠u︡dyny --- Європейський Суд з прав людини --- Evropeĭski sŭd po pravata na choveka --- Европейски съд по правата на човека --- Europos Žmogaus teisių teismas --- Mardu iravunkʻneri evropakan dataran --- İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi --- Evropski sud za ljudska prava --- Европски суд за људска права --- AİHM --- Gjykata Europiane për të Drejtat e Njeriut --- GJEDNJ --- EGMR --- Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus --- European Commission of Human Rights --- e drejta kushtetuese --- drept constituțional --- riigiõigus --- Derecho constitucional --- constitutional law --- prawo konstytucyjne --- alkotmányjog --- valtiosääntöoikeus --- konstitucinė teisė --- уставно право --- forfatningsret --- direito constitucional --- författningsrätt --- konstitucionālais likums --- ústavné právo --- ustavno pravo --- ústavní právo --- конституционно право --- Verfassungsrecht --- συνταγματικό δίκαιο --- grondwettelijk recht --- diritto costituzionale --- dritt kostituzzjonali --- ligj parlamentar --- konstitucionalistika --- parlamentinė teisė --- staatsrecht --- konstitutionel ret --- parlamentārās tiesības --- politiek recht --- derecho político --- direito parlamentar --- Derecho parlamentario --- κοινοβουλευτικό δίκαιο --- parlamenti jog --- diritto parlamentare --- droit parlementaire --- parlementair recht --- parlamentní právo --- πολιτικό δικαίωμα --- politikai jog --- konstitucionālās tiesības --- parlamentarisk ret --- конституционално право --- prawo parlamentarne --- droit politique --- liġi parlamentari --- konstitutionell rätt --- oikeuspolitiikka --- parlamentné právo --- direito político --- parliamentary law --- valsts tiesības --- парламентарно право --- parlamentaarne õigus --- parlamentarno pravo --- Parlamentsrecht --- drept parlamentar --- státní právo --- statsforfatningsret --- diritto politico --- politisches Recht --- parlamentaarinen oikeus --- Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului --- Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesa --- Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου --- Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága --- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte --- Gjykata Europiane e të Drejtave të Njeriut --- Qorti Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem --- Europees Hof voor de rechten van de mens --- Europski sud za ljudska prava --- Európsky súd pre ľudské práva --- Europos žmogaus teisių teismas --- Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstol --- Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna --- Европейски съд за правата на човека --- Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem --- Evropský soud pro lidská práva --- Европски суд за човекови права --- Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin --- An Chúirt Eorpach um Chearta an Duine --- Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice --- Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus --- Komisja Praw Człowieka RE --- CEDU (Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo) --- Cour des droits de l'homme --- comisia europeană pentru drepturile omului --- domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna --- Euroopa Inimõiguste Komisjon --- Europakommissionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna --- Sud za ljudska prava --- ECT --- Hof voor de rechten van de mens --- inimõiguste kohus --- Europese commissie voor de rechten van de mens --- Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου --- Európai Emberi Jogi Bizottság --- Tribunal dos Direitos do Homem --- curtea drepturilor omului --- TEDH --- CEDH --- Судот за човекови права во Стразбур --- Commissione europea dei diritti dell'uomo --- Europska komisija za ljudska prava --- ETPC --- Emberi Jogi Bíróság --- Commission européenne des droits de l'homme --- Cilvēktiesību tiesa --- ESČP --- Europäische Kommission für Menschenrechte --- EHRM --- Comisión Europea de Derechos Humanos --- Menneskerettighedsdomstolen --- ESĽP --- EŽTT --- Court of Human Rights --- European Commission on Human Rights --- ECHR --- Tribunal de Derechos Humanos --- Суд за људска права --- Комисия за правата на човека --- Comissão Europeia dos Direitos do Homem --- Komisioni Europian për të Drejtat e Njeriut --- ESLP --- Europejska Komisja Praw Człowieka --- ЕСПЧ --- Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte --- Europos žmogaus teisių komisija --- Gjykata e të Drejtave të Njeriut --- Komise pro lidská práva v Evropě --- EJEB --- Euroopan ihmisoikeustoimikunta --- Evropska komisija za človekove pravice --- Žmogaus Teisių Teismas --- EMD --- QEDB --- GJEDNj (Gjykata Europiane e të Drejtave të Njeriut) --- Soud pro lidská práva --- Европска комисија за људска права --- Europadomstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna --- Corte dei diritti dell'uomo --- Európska komisia pre ľudské práva --- Kummissjoni Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem --- Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskommission --- Evropská komise pro lidská práva --- Eiropas Cilvēktiesību komisija --- Súd pre ľudské práva --- Δικαστήριο των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου --- dlí bunreachtúil --- Droit international --- Langage politique --- Freedom of expression - Europe